E-DRIVING CYCLES
ABOVE: Major OEMs
around the world are
beginning to introduce
electric tractors
INSET: Illustration of
the forces when driving
on steep gradients
tested under de ned conditions
and requirements.
Need for new driving cycles for
In the driving cycles previously
described, and outlined in the
Existing Driving Cycles box opposite,
50 iVTInternational.com November 2019
mixed drives as well as pure electric
drives are somewhat neglected. e
WLTP driving cycle includes hybrid
and electric vehicles but important
conditions are considered only to a
limited extent. e state of charge
of the battery is determined before
the start of the cycle. e driving
distance is also considered as an
average and leads to ambiguities in
consumption. In a hybrid vehicle,
long-distance drivers will perform
poorly because the battery is only
fully charged at the start. us, short
distances will bene t as the full
battery capacity is available. is is
just one example of the potential for
improving driving cycles. e need
for new and adapted special driving
cycles is inevitable, particularly for
o -road vehicles.
Potential can be identi ed for
improving the following points:
• Battery status
• Component temperatures for
heating and cooling requirements
of the battery, power electronics,
motors and interior
• Recuperation potential depending
on charge state
• De ned route consideration
• Comparability of mixed drives and
electric drives with conventional
combustion engines
Evaluation of industrial vehicles
Emission-free drives such as battery
electric vehicles and fuel cell vehicles
/iVTInternational.com
