THERMAL MANAGEMENT 
 www.electrichybridvehicletechnology.com // January 2020 // 51 
 From smartphones to jet planes,  
 supercars to static storage, lithiumion  
 batteries have become the default  
 for diverse industries and a driver of  
 technological change. Global  
 production has risen quickly, from 20GWh in  
 2010 to 120GWh in 2017 according to a recent  
 European Commission report, and it’s  
 underpinning the shift to electric vehicles.  
 Almost half of that capacity – and growing – is  
 going into ‘mobility solutions’. 
 However, that proliferation has been  
 accompanied by high-profi le safety concerns.  
 Battery fi res have grounded plane fl eets,  
 caused expensive recalls of consumer  
 electronics and led to hold luggage restrictions  
 for fl ights. But while a burning electric car still  
 piques the interest of content-hungry news  
 agencies, the risks appear to be overstated. 
 Statistics are skewed by the smaller vehicle  
 parc, but the track record is good. Of the  
 480,000 batteries Envision-AESC has built for  
 Nissan’s electric vehicles, the company says  
 there have been zero ‘critical incidents’  
 globally. Tesla, meanwhile, claims one fi re per  
 273 million km (170 million miles) travelled in  
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